Gods Forgiveness in Taylors Meditation 42 Essay -- Edward Taylor Poe

In Edward Taylor's "Meditation 42," the speaker employs a tone of both desire and anxiousness in order to convey the overall idea that man's sinful nature and spiritual unworthiness require God's grace and forgiveness to gain entrance to the kingdom of heaven. In the opening stanza, the speaker describes the human craving and longing for material objects. From the very first word of "Meditation 42," a sense of longing and desire infuses the poem as "apples" (ll. 1) often symbolize both temptation and desire. Because Eve allowed the lure of attaining the God's knowledge to overtake her in the book of Genesis, she bites from a fruit on the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil which is commonly depicted as an apple. In addition, because the "apples" allude to man's fall from paradise they thereby represent man's imperfection and sinful nature. Furthermore, the fact that "apples of gold in silver pictures shrined" (ll. 1) emphasizes the desire or lust for physical, material items of beauty and wealth. These items "enchant" (ll. 2) as the "gold" and "silver" appeal to mankind's covetous nature and tendency to value superficial items. Thus, the speaker conveys his longing and desire for physical riches which "enchant" him. Yet his want for treasures exist as strictly human desire, causing physical consequences as they "make mouths to water" (ll. 2). However, despite the monetary value of precious metals, attaining such superficial items does not allow man to gain any true fulfillment. For example, in the opening stanza, all the treasures "In jasper cask, when tapped, doth briskly vapor" (ll. 4). The material items mean nothing in the larger scheme of the world and therefore "briskly vapor" and disapp... ..., but still pleads for God to "take me in" (ll. 41), and promises to "pay...in happiness" for mercy. Once again, the speaker demonstrates the same desires for physical treasures that he expresses in the first stanza as he asks God to "give mine eye / A peephole there to see bright glory's chases" (ll. 39-40). Even in the God's kingdom, the speaker reveals his humanity as he focuses on ornamentation which starkly contrasts with God's divinity as He has the ability to show love even for sinners. Thus, while man shows his human nature, desiring and coveting physical riches and treasures, God demonstrates his truly divine nature as he possesses true spiritual riches, in the form of love, mercy, and forgiveness. Works Cited Taylor, Edward. â€Å"Meditation 42.† The Heath Anthology of American Literature. Ed. Paul Lautier. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2004

Random Variable and Highest Expected Profit

I. Introduction Arrowmark Vending has the contract to supply pizza at football games for a university. The operations manager, Tom Kealey, faces the challenge of determining how many pizzas to make available at the games. We have been provided with demand distributions for pizza based on past experience and know that Tom will only supply plain cheese and pepperoni and cheese combo pizzas. We also know that there is a fixed cost of $1,000 allocated equally between the two types of pizzas, and that the costs to make plain cheese pizza and pepperoni and cheese pizza are $4. 50 and $5. 0 respectively. Both pizzas sell for $9. 00 and unsold pizzas have no value. The purpose of this report is to provide Tom with some information regarding how many of each type of pizza he should produce if he wants to achieve the highest expected profit from pizza sales at the game. II. Analysis In order to determine at which production level Tom will achieve the highest expected profit, it is first necess ary to determine the potential profit or loss associated with producing at each demand level. To do this, a discrete probability distribution is composed for each potential level of production.For example, if 200 plain cheese pizzas are produced and 200 are demanded, the potential profit is $400. This profit consists of $1800 in sales revenue minus $1400 in costs ($900+$500 fixed). This profit will result regardless of whether more than 200 are demanded. Accordingly, if 400 cheese pizzas are produced and only 200 demanded, there is a potential loss of $500. Using these distributions, we are then able calculate the distribution’s mean, which is the expected value of the profits at each level of production.The expected profits in this case are the weighted average of the potential profit values, in which the weights are the probabilities. The expected profits associated with each type of pizza are provided in the tables below: | | Expected Profits at each Production Level| | | 200| 300| 400| 500| 600| 700| 800| 900| Plain Cheese Demand| 200| $40| -$5| -$50| -$95| -$140| -$185| -230| -275| | 300| $60| $128| $60| -$8| -$75| -$143| -210| -277. 5| | 400| $60| $128| $195| $128| $60| -$8| -75| -142. | | 500| $80| $170| $260| $350| $260| $170| 80| -10| | 600| $80| $170| $260| $350| $440| $350| 260| 170| | 700| $40| $85| $130| $175| $220| $265| 220| 175| | 800| $20| $43| $65| $88| $110| $133| 155| 132. 5| | 900| $20| $43| $65| $88| $110| $133| 155| 177. 5| | Total| $400 | $760 | $985 | $1,075 | $985 | $715 | $355 | $(50)| | | 300| 400| 500| 600| 700| 800| Pepperoni and Cheese Demand| 300| $70| $20| -$30| -$80| -$130| -$180| | 400| $140| $220| $120| $20| -$80| -$180| | 500| $175| $275| $375| $250| $125| $0| | 600| $175| $275| $375| $475| $350| $225| | 700| $105| $165| $225| $285| $345| $270| 800| $35| $55| $75| $95| $115| $135| | Total| $700 | $1,010 | $1,140 | $1,045 | $725 | $270 | III. Recommendation If Kealey wants to achieve the highest expected profit from p izza sales at the game, he should produce 500 cheese pizzas and 500 pepperoni and cheese pizzas. Looking at the tables, we know this is the best option because we see the highest expected profit of $1,075 associated with this production level for cheese pizza and $1,140 in profit for pepperoni and cheese pizza. This number takes into account the probabilities at each demand level, so we can be reasonably assured that this is an accurate recommendation.

Is action more important than knowledge Essay

Pablo Picasso once said that, â€Å"Action is the foundational key to all success†. In some ways I must agree with Picasso. To succeed in something of importance and value you must take action and not idle away as action speaks louder than words. Though knowledge is important because in some aspects as you cannot be illiterate about your cause if you wish to succeed. Knowledge is a key aspect of human beings. In order to advance in our society you must gain knowledge. Therefore to take action you must have a basis of information in order to be successful. You should not act in haste or proudness but rather develop your ‘pool of information’ and make an informed decision to acquire your desired results, â€Å"ignorance is the curse of God; knowledge is the wing wherewith we fly to heaven†. Some may say that taking action is more important than acquiring knowledge. They may say that people may spend too much precious time on gaining knowledge and miss there time of action. ‘History does not remember those who were knowledgeable but rather those who took action in a steadfast manner.’ Though I must disagree. History are full of those who carelessly and in alacrity took an ill-informed decision that was destructive on humanity. For example in when Lenin, the first leader of communist Russia died, his testament was not read out in public. This testament would have kicked Stalin out of the Communist Party and therefore would have stopped the mass murder that happened due to Stalin’s orders under his reign. Due to the ill-thought Trotsky and other high members of the Bolsheviks, the decision was to not read out the testament in public. This enabled Stalin to take power and soon Stalin became a despotic leader of the communist parties and created a terror in Soviet Russia as well as the rest of the world. Therefore I believe knowledge is of key importance. This is due to the timeless evidence of how acquiring knowledge is more important than taking knowledge, like the testament of Lenin and this story; There once was a man named Pars. He was thought to be slow as before making every decision he would sit and ponder about the connotations and effects this decision would have on him and his fellow classmates.

Maternal Health Care Utilization Health And Social Care Essay

This paper reports about a research work which was conducted in the Sichuan Province in China to analyze assorted determiners of maternal wellness among adult females of cultural minority in the state during March and April 2007. Despite the fact that China has demonstrated diminution in maternal mortality ( from 89 per 100,000 unrecorded births in 1990 to 47.7 deceases per 100,000 unrecorded births in 2005 ) , this diminution is non every bit observed in the state with a big difference between urban and rural populations. Rural countries have continued to see high maternal morbidity and mortality peculiarly among adult females of cultural minority and as a consequence, positions of maternal wellness among these disadvantaged ethnic groups are still hapless. Globally, inequalities and unfairnesss between bulk and minority cultural groups in resource-constrained countries have continuously documented. With 55 minority groups ( representing to 8.41 % of China ‘s entire population ) , China is non an exclusion. Knowing this, the Government of China was determined to put in betterment of wellness services and insurance strategies in rural China through its Eleventh Five Year Plan. Linked to this is the demand to achieve the Millennium Development Goal on maternal wellness which aims to cut down maternal mortality by 75 % by 2015. In add-on, the writers of this paper had been carry oning research in the Sichuan state since 2004. The research was conducted as a collaborative enterprise by Chinese and Australian opposite numbers. All of the above facts formed the footing and principle for the demand of the research reported in this article.The intent of this researchThe chief intent of this research was to garner grounds that would be used to rede the Government of China on how best to better proviso of maternal wellness services among cultural minority population groups. Specifically, the research intended to look into factors impacting use of maternal wellness attention among the Yi and Mong adult females and to suggest appropriate intercessions that could be used to better use degrees of the services. This was planned to be learned through analyzing societal economic factors and wellness seeking behavior of the Yi and Mong adult females on one manus and measuring wellness system factors impacting proviso of choice maternal wellness services on the other.Research methods, beginnings of informations and analysisChiefly, the survey was descriptive chiefly using qualitative methods. Both primary and secondary informations were used whereas primary informations were collected through interviews with different classs of survey participants and secondary informations were obtained through infirmary record reappraisal.Method of informations aggregationPrimary information was collected by carry oning single interviews. Research workers used interview ushers which allowed examining inquiries. The writers qualify the interviews to be â€Å" semiformal † because during the procedure of carry oning the interviews, some formal processs of single interviews were non followed. In some occasions hubbies of the interviewed adult females were welcomed at the terminal of the treatment and other relations and community members would garner around doing the interview attain characteristics of group treatment. Word count: 459Secondary informations were collected through record reappraisal at MCH infirmary in the state. Additional secondary information was gathered from beginnings such as offices of wellness directors, the County Bureau of Health and literature.Sampling scheme and sizeBasically, purposeful sampling was applied. The mark survey participants were chiefly adult females who had given birth in the period of 10 old ages prior to the survey. In placing single adult females to be interviewed, sweet sand verbena technique ( i.e. utilizing one participant to place and urge for another eligible participant ) was employed. The traditional birth attenders ( TBAs ) were every bit good obtained through snowballing technique. Other classs of survey participants were strategically identified based on their function in the community ( e.g. traditional therapists ) or by virtuousness of their place in the wellness services bringing system ( e.g. wellness suppliers, wellness directors and the functionaries from the County Bureau of Health ) . The Table below summarizes sample size by class of survey participants. Summary of sample sizeClass of survey participantsSample sizeWomans ( from the cultural minority ) 56 Traditional Birth Attendants ( TBA ) 7 Male traditional therapists 2 Health workers at the township infirmary 5 Directors and staff from the county and general infirmaries 6 Administrators from the County Bureau of Health 2 Reappraisal of records of adult females who gave birth at the township infirmary in 2006 22 Reappraisal of records of adult females who were referred to other wellness installations 6Questions and facets asked during interviewsApart from roll uping demographic information of each survey participant ( such as age, instruction, ethnicity, business, and para – which were general inquiries ) , other inquiries were specific for specific classs of survey participants. Womans were asked about their experiences in gestations and childbearings such as prenatal clinic attending, topographic point of birth, grounds for taking a peculiar topographic point of birth, support they got during bringing and who attended them and if they attended postpartum attention. They were besides asked inquiries to set up their degrees of cognition on issues related to gestation and childbearing ; how and where they acquired such cognition and information about maternal wellness in general. Household degree patterns such as who makes determinations when it comes to issues related to gestation and childbearing were every bit good asked. In add-on, they were asked about the class of act ion normally taken when one experiences maternal complications and if any of them experienced maternal complication or if they know any other adult females who had experienced maternal complications. Finally, they were asked from their point of position how they regarded the populace and private wellness attention and services in general and urge on betterments that they would wish the authorities to implement. Word count: 509TBAs were asked how they practiced their work, figure of adult females and kids they have assisted to present, their interactions with the adult females and their households every bit good as with the public wellness attention bringing system. The wellness workers, wellness directors and functionaries from the Health Bureau were besides interviewed to capture issues related to maternal attention demands from authorities positions every bit good as challenges that the authorities was confronting in presenting maternal wellness services.Methods of informations analysis usedThe qualitative information was analysed utilizing a grouping system of the informations sets. Data was categorized in wide subjects and cardinal words were used to put groups of texts into several subjects. Analysis was besides done by age, ethnicity, instruction, business, abode and para. Subjects such as attending to ANC clinics, postpartum attention, topographic point of bringing, entree of wellnes s attention, cost related to accessing wellness services, other barriers to accessing attention such as cultural beliefs and general wellness seeking behaviors were used. Similarly, analysis was done to develop frequences of demographic information such as age, instruction, residence vicinity and distance to the township infirmary. Consequences from this analysis were besides compared and contrasted with regard to the clip period of the being of the township infirmary. In-depth analysis was besides done by pulling sub-samples to find specific issues such as determination devising processes at family degree in relation to pick of a topographic point of birth. Secondary informations reappraisal for available infirmary records of adult females who utilized bringing services in the life-time of the infirmary was besides applied.Key research findingsAlthough the survey found that ANC and postpartum attending were low and that by and large there were more place bringings than installation based 1s, accounts on these findings are obtained by reading of the cardinal findings of the survey. These include the followers: Geographic handiness is non a cardinal barrier to accessing maternal wellness services in Xinjie The survey revealed that in the period of being of the township infirmary, 90.3 % of adult females delivered at place. However, this is non supported by distance from adult females ‘s abodes to the infirmary because, in-depth analysis on 22 adult females who delivered in the infirmary in 2006 showed that more adult females ( 64 % ) were coming from far off villages every bit compared to merely 23 % who lived near to the infirmary. Analysis of a sub-sample of adult females who were pregnant during the interview farther supported this determination as 4 of the 7 adult females were be aftering to present at place. Quality of wellness attention services at the township infirmary was low If compared to higher degree and or metropolis infirmaries, quality of wellness services at Xinjie infirmary was low. Inability to carry on cesarean subdivisions, staff with limited preparation, deficiency of blood bank, failure to pull off exigency obstetric issues and deficiency of exigency conveyance were noted. Women besides expressed concerns on deficiency of proviso of hurting slayers when they delivered to ease the hurting. The installation substructure lacked privateness during bringing. Furthermore, adult females were uncomfortable to be attended by male wellness attention workers who were the bulk. Cultural insensitiveness of bringing patterns in the infirmary such as sitting place during delivered was besides identified by interviewees. These factors were extremely valued and helped explicate fewer installation based bringings observed. They indicate that quality may keep a higher value than cost and distance as some adult females were willing to go long distances to other infirmaries where they perceived quality was better. Word count: 475Cost of maternal wellness services was unaffordable for many adult females and insurance strategy was non good understood and non good working The policy in China involves paying for maternal wellness. Women reported to pay for conveyance, adjustment, medical specialties, and service charge for bringing. It was made clear in the analysis that adult females who delivered in the infirmary paid every bit much as several thousand kwai. These costs were non to the full covered by the bing insurance policy and re-imbursement for prescribed medicines covered merely a narrow scope of medical specialties. Procedures for re-imbursement and benefiting from the insurance were ill-defined to many adult females and bureaucratic. A struggle of involvement among wellness workers over raising hospital gross led to pattern of over prescription, therefore increasing cost of attention to adult females. Traditional cognition, experiences and accomplishments in childbearing were readily available The survey sample included 7 TBAs who reported to hold abundant cognition and experience on gestation related issues, kid bearing and attention after birth. These were merely a few of many other adult females particularly the married 1s in the communities who had similar cognition and accomplishments. Since these adult females with expertness were readily available in propinquity of people ‘s abodes, their services were more utilized than infirmary services. The out of use nexus between hospital staff and TBAs due to authorities policy farther gave TBAs patterns more popularity. This could explicate the low ANC attending ( 20.6 % ) and low postnatal attention use ( 9.7 % ) observed among the adult females from different sub-samples in the survey. The policy to bettering maternal wellness services for marginalised groups was new and required farther reexamine Policy on user fees and insurance strategies was found to be a barrier. In add-on, context specific issues such as geographical handiness, cultural patterns, exposure and differences in economic capacities of different groups in societies had non received a closer expression by the authorities. Hospitals in marginalised communities such as the Xinjie infirmary has received limited resources to supply quality services.DecisionsThe writers drew three chief decisions from the findings. First, they recognise that use of maternal wellness services is low among the studied cultural minority adult females in the state. However, they associate this state of affairs to their 2nd decision that other factors than geographical handiness to wellness installations are the grounds for this low use. They observed in their 3rd decision that place bringings are common and this is attributed to issues related to chiefly quality of attention, cost and deficiency of acknowledgment of traditional values a nd civilization. Word count: 438 Word count: 520As portion of their decision they recommend for prolonging the nomadic clinic intercession late introduced, bettering links between wellness workers and TBAs and traditional therapists, and reappraisal of policies particularly on household planning and penalty policy for staff who do non run into prescribed marks for infirmary based bringings.Contemplations on findings with regard to ain stateBy and large, there are more similarities than differences in findings between those reported in this article with what prevails in my ain state ( Tanzania ) . Despite a good web of public wellness installations, low use of maternal wellness services is a large job in Tanzania where merely 50 % of bringings are installation based ( TZ DHS, 2010 ) . Similarly, while Xinjie has witnessed a little addition of installation based bringings in the recent 3 old ages prior to the survey, Tanzania has besides attained a little addition by 3 % traveling from 47 % in 2004 ( TZDHS, 2004-5 ) t o 50 % . More of these issues are more common in rural countries than in urban for both states. Such rural territories observe lower per centums than the national figures shown supra. Unlike Xinjie, geographical handiness is one of cardinal factors in rural communities in accessing maternal wellness services in Tanzania. Despite the fact that 90 % of the Tanzanian population live within 5 kilometers from a wellness installation ( MOHSW, 2007 ) , geographical barriers and hapless roads topped with seasonality remain cardinal and back easiness of timely entree of wellness services. Both states portion a similar job on quality of attention. Availability of skilled forces has been a job. Merely 51 % of institutional bringings are assisted by skilled forces ( TZ DHS, 2010 ) . Irregular drug handiness and stock out of indispensable equipment and supplies are among factors impairing quality of wellness services. Traditional practicians such as TBAs and therapists besides exist in Tanzania. However, unlike China, Tanzania has recognized and integrated TBAs and traditional therapists in the wellness system and introduced a enrollment system. The function of the TBAs, nevertheless, remains that of guidance and referral. In some territories, inducements have been introduced whereby TBAs who refer adult females to wellness installations are rewarded. Besides, Tanzania has a good developed wellness policy for primary wellness attention which has been evaluated and reviewed several times. There is monolithic political will and back up. Though outgo on wellness has remained deficient, there is a little addition in budget for wellness over the decennary and the authorities investing on wellness is promoting. Based on these worlds, the decisions and recommendations made for the Xinjie and China might non be appropriate for Tanzania due to difference in context ( politically, socially, and culturally ) and degree of development of the primary wellness attention system.

International business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 1

International business - Essay Example This report aims at discussing why certain overseas businesses have a decentralized operations systems while the other follows a more centralized form. There have been several debates and discussions on this topic and the reasons why companies choose different forms of organisational structures in different places. To understand this better it is essential to firstly understand the meaning of decentralised and centralised forms of organisational operations. This will lead various factors that allow companies to choose the different style and also how the two differ in the case of different companies. There have been numerous debates and discussions in regards to the definition of ‘Decentralization’, and in a number of events this term has been mixed with ‘devolution’ or ‘delegation’. In the case of multi national companies and their operations, decentralization can be taken to mean the decision making rights or responsibilities, i.e. away from the centre and spread out across the various locations. Decentralization of a business operation simply means that the operation of every location is separate and based on the needs of the particular location. Here the main managers and heads of the company for each location are held responsible for the strategies, plans and operations of the particular location. In simpler terms the process of decentralization involves the decision making process and authority of the firm to a larger number of actors rather than a limited few in the central office. Operations in these kinds of companies are decentralized and the management for each area is different. Hence a decentralized management allows the company to perform better in the various regions and ensure that the company works in accordance with the region, culture, values and ethics. Also if the operations are tailor made for the

Employability skills Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Employability skills - Assignment Example Working in the sales department with a team dealing with customer support is certainly a huge task that comes with huge responsibilities. Setting up personal responsibilities in this area is somehow similar to updating job description to increase tasks and responsibilities, which are congruent with the overall objective of the organization. One needs to ask him/herself the following questions before setting responsibilities; what have I done? What do I need to do in order to progress myself? Finally, how do I execute it? These three questions are important in ensuring that your personal responsibilities meet both personal and interests of the organization. My first personal responsibility as a customer support personnel involves satisfying the expectations of the client. The second responsibility involves coordinating with individual users of our service to assess their needs. The third responsibility involves providing adequate information to the clients all the time. The fourth res ponsibility involves developing effective rapport with other service colleagues. The fifth responsibility involves ensuring that you are up to date with current service delivery methods and procedures to increase customer satisfaction. Performance targets unlike personal responsibilities, which makes use job description, go beyond the tasks and duties stated in the job description. Armstrong, (2009; p6) elucidates that when an idea of high quality job performance crosses your mind then one starts to think about expected job outcomes. Everyone at the work is always expected to meet his or her job objectives and thus the need for personal performance targets. For instance, customer support staffs need to ask themselves the following question in order to effectively set personal performance goals. How am I expected to act with the customers and support center colleagues? What are the mandatory organization values? Finally what procedures, methods and process should I employ? My perform ance targets based on my experience in working as a customer support personnel include but not limited to the following: Responding to at least 90% of all the incoming enquiries either through main or telephone; Attending to at least 99% of all complaints from customers promptly; Enhancing my customer service and interpersonal skills within 3 months. Contact at least 60% of new customers to find out about satisfaction of the services. Contact at least 70% of the clients who received a repair to find out if they were satisfied by the services. Evaluating personal effectiveness against defined objectives is an important undertaking for every employee considering that it demonstrates areas where an individual employee effectively succeeded and where he/she requires improvements (Keller, 2010; p196). Self-assessment is applied in a wide range of professional settings including customer support services and therefore it is a noble idea for customer support personnel to undertake self-ass essment to establish their effectiveness to meet customer care challenges and above all their competence in relation to customer service skills. An evaluation of my personal effectiveness against personal objectives played a significant role in knowing my level of performance with respect to competency in customer service skills. One of the biggest challenges that most employers face is how to motivate their employees to attain their full potential at work. It is

Mississippi Burning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mississippi Burning - Essay Example As a result, the defendants were tried in state and local court systems, where local influences had a significant effect on the outcomes of the verdicts. In light of the nation's current legal status on domestic terrorism, and society's modern view of the intimidation of an entire population, the acts of the KKK in Mississippi Burning went beyond the line of mere criminal activity and would today qualify as domestic terrorism, while the FBI simply acted with a lack of ethical behavior. One of the ways to differentiate domestic terrorism from criminal activity is the motivation for committing the act, and the KKK in Mississippi Burning clearly fit the definition of terrorism from this aspect. The KKK was targeting the African-Americans' right to vote, a political right. They were not targeting an individual for revenge, or taking an action for economic gain. Their actions were designed to frighten a population and entire society out of exercising their constitutional right to vote. In one segment they expressed their anger at Jews, Catholics, Turks, and Orientals. When the Preacher gave his sermon in the church, he professed a declaration of war against a people. It was not the de-politicized act of a criminal, but was designed to inflict fear and incite violence against random targets in a larger population. By the modern definition, this would qualify as terrorism and clearly fits today's definition. Another aspect of the KKK's actions that qualified them as terrorists was the fact that it was perpetrated by an organized group that had terrorism as an agenda. The FBI has stated that "special interest extremism" has "emerged as a serious terrorist threat" (Jarboe, 2002). The involvement of a group increases the potential threat by giving individual members increased motivation, some degree of anonymity, and an escalated sense of moral justification. In Mississippi Burning, there were cases of blowing up a house, attacking a general store, and chasing the three victims at night with a violent convoy. These actions were taken as a group. Though the individuals were ultimately held responsible for their involvement, the group was guilty of encouraging and inciting the level of violence. When the FBI violated the rights of the citizens and terrorized the man in the barbershop, this was the act of an individual agent, and not authorized by the group. The further use of KKK sympathetic law enforcement officers to participate and chase the victims was another factor that defined it as terrorism. The fear and inability of the African-Americans to get protection or justice was increased by this factor. The involvement of law enforcement, the group mandates and proclamations, and the common agenda of the group all contributed to escalation of random violence directed at an entire people, and the terror that they inflicted upon innocent victims. Critics will contend that constitutional rights protect the KKK and its actions are pro-white, rather than anti-minority. They will argue that the KKK was simply responding to the pressure of the FBI and their tactics. White (2008) contends that "its acts of violence have tended to be retaliatory rather than symbolic". However, the lynching of an innocent man, their mandate of White Nationalism, and the random attacks of violence